Date Posted: June 11, 2026

Author/s: Christen Audrey Arciaga, Rochelle Margareth Avendano, Joyce-Ann Chan, Ma. Fatima Daigan, Alyannah Galo, Rogelio Gonzales, Anjanette Marie Ng, Rayann Margaux Perez, Don Jorge Porte, Merylle Erika Sta. Maria, Ted Joshua Tenorio

Microscopy is a fundamental tool in diagnosing pathogenic diseases but faces significant accessibility challenges in resource-limited settings due to the high costs and maintenance requirements of traditional microscopes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Keychain Make-roscope, a portable 3D-printed microscope, as an alternative to traditional light microscopes for specific medical diagnostic applications. The research focuses on parameters such as specimen clarity, contrast, shape, color, and ease of use, aiming to present a viable alternative to conventional diagnostic equipment, particularly in underserved rural areas with limited healthcare resources. Using a comparative research design, this study involves Medical Technologists assessing the Keychain Make-roscope alongside traditional light microscopes. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, and weighted mean to provide insights into the performance of the Make-roscope. The Mann-Whitney U test is employed for inferential statistics to determine significant differences in diagnostic parameters.The results indicate that the Keychain Makeroscope excels in examining parasites and urine sediments, offering superior clarity and color compared to traditional microscopes. However, its limitations in magnification and advanced imaging capabilities affect its performance with bacteria, tissues, and blood smears. Despite these limitations, the Make-roscope is a practical and portable alternative in areas with limited access to conventional microscopes. Future research should prioritize the Keychain Make-roscope for examining parasites and urine sediments and explore its use in direct fecal smear techniques. Proper preservation techniques and maintenance are essential to ensure quality observations. Comparative analyses with other portable microscopy devices are recommended to refine the Make-roscope and enhance its utility in clinical settings. Local government units (LGUs) should consider adopting the Make-roscope in primary healthcare to improve diagnostic capabilities and health outcomes in resource-constrained areas. Training programs for healthcare workers in rural areas can further optimize the device’s impact, empowering them to conduct essential diagnostics without relying on centralized facilities.

Keywords:
accessibility, comparative research design, healthcare, Mann-Whitney U test, resourceconstrained